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Characters
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Frontonia vernalis sensu Ehrenberg
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F. vernalis (Neotype)
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F. paravernalis sp. nov.
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F. shii
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Average body length of living cells (μm)
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233
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250
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178
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300
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Somatic kineties, number
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ND
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120–145
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98–116
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128–142
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Contractile vacuoles, number
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1–2
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1
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1
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1
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Collecting canals, number
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ND
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8–12
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8–11
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~ 10
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PCV, number, position
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ND
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1, dorsal
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1, dorsal
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1, ventro-lateral
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Postoral suture silver line
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ND
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Ends before the posterior end of the cell
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Ends before the posterior end of the cell
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Reach the posterior end of the cell
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Peniculi (I + II + III)
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ND
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4 + 4 + 4
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4 + 4 + 4
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4 + 4 + 4
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Vestibular kineties, number
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ND
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3
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3–4
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3–4
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Postoral kineties, number
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ND
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6–7
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5–7
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7–8
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Paroral membrane
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ND
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One-rowed, very close to vestibular kinety
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One-rowed, very close to vestibular kinety
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Double-rowed
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Dorsal zone of parallel kineties
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ND
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8–10
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6–8
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Not applicable
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Micronucleus, number
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ND
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3–9
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1–3
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Not observed
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Swimming rotation
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ND
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R / L
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R / L
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L
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Reference
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[29, 30]
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Present study
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Present study
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[15]
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- ND No data, L During swimming cell rotates to the left, R / L During swimming, cell can rotate in both directions – right (predominantly) and left, PCV Pore of contractile vacuole
